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Biological activity was also found in slime which was purified with protease and ion exchange chromatography. The nonswarming mutant was inoculated onto the filter and swarming was examined after incubation at 35 C for 24 h. For the assay, polycarbonate filters were dipped in the test material (slime) and placed on an agar plate to dry. A biological assay was developed based on the ability of isolated slime to promote swarming of a nonswarming mutant of P. mirabilis IM 47 was isolated by centrifugation. The use of toluidine blue O to stain slime on impression mounts and a fixation method consisting of hot sulfuric acid and sodium borate provide new ways to visualize slime. In this study, improved methods of observing slime associated with swarming cells are presented. Following a brief resting period, swarm cells are again formed and the cycle is repeated Microscopic studies of swarming showed that extracellular slime is always associated with migrating swarm cells. Swarm cells are highly energetic and move away from the parental colony in groups or "rafts." After swarm cells have migrated a certain distance, movement ceases and swarm cells revert back to short forms. During swarming, cells undergo a morphological change from short rods to highly elongated and flagellated rods called swarm cells. The bacterium Proteus mirabilis exhibits an unusual form of motility on solid surfaces known as swarming.